Research Project on Nikola Tesla
While studying engineering, Tesla was shown an invention which could be connected to an electrical generator (a device which converts mechanical energy into electrical current) to act as a simple motor (rotational device which converts electrical current into mechanical energy to perform work). Tesla concluded that if the motor was powered by an alternating current rather than a direct current it would be much more efficient; however, he was told that it would be impossible to build this AC motor.
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On a random day, Tesla was hit with the idea for the ac motor suddenly and he drew it out in the sand. The AC induction motor used the principle of electromagnetic induction. The outer magnets of a simple motor could be replaced with two sets of stationary electromagnets, each supplied with alternating currents from sources 90 degrees out of phase. This phase difference would create a rotating magnetic field (a force surrounding a moving electric charge or magnetic pole in space) that the inner rotor would follow, and so the synchronous AC motor was devised.
In 1884, Tesla came to America and proposed his idea to Thomas Edison who was currently using the DC (direct current) motor. Edison struck down Tesla's idea. George Westinghouse took an interest in Tesla's work and offered to supply him with the capital necessary to develop the AC motor. In 1888 Tesla invented the AC motor. In 1896, Tesla's invention was proved to be superior to the DC motor for practical long distance electrical power distribution when the Niagara Falls were utilized to provide polyphase power to Buffalo, NY.
Advantages of the AC over the DC
- AC motors can operate without any moving electrical contacts and without first converting alternating current (delivered by the power company) to direct current.
- Mechanical commutators and the brushes that wear out and require continuous maintenance are eliminated.
- Produces electricity instead of using it.
- It can be transmitted over greater distances.
- It is safer because the current of the ac occasionally stops, while the dc current never stops making who ever was holding it unable to let go. The electricity that ran through the wire would be stronger than the electricity from the brain, so one would not be able to release it.
- Voltage can easily be lowered with transformers.
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