Research Papers on Marcus Garvey

In Marcus Garvey's passage entitled the "Motive of the NAACP Exposed," Garvey attacks the NAACP and W. E. B. Du Bois on the basis that they are not fairly representing the "colored" population the title suggests. Garvey argues his point by assuming the position of the underrepresented "colored" man in an effort to connect with the entire "Negro" race, and also by emphasizing the differences in "colored" and "Negro."

Garvey begins his writing with an introduction aimed towards "Negroes" announcing that he is preparing to explain why there has been so much resentment between his organization of the Universal "Negro" Improvement Association and the National Association for the Advancement of "Colored" People. Garvey's second paragraph starts with an attack on Du Bois stating the "Du Bois represents a group that hates the Negro blood in their veins." Here is Garvey's first instance of taking the side of the proud Negro that is able to sympathize with the rest of his race. He is also placing Du Bois of the other end of the stick by saying that Du Bois is trying to "divide the race into two groups" furthering the resentment towards Negroes that are of darker skin than those in Du Bois "group."

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Garvey also talks about disrupting the NAACP by organizing the UNIA in order to "cut off the wicked attempt of race deception and distinction, and in truth to build up a race united in spirit and ideal with the honest desire of adjusting itself to its own moral-social pride and national self-respect." In this statement Garvey is not only defacing the NAACP by telling the Negro community that their stance on racial pride and self respect is a fa+ГTзade, but he is also taking the side of the greater "Negro" community. When Garvey wrote this statement he wrote it with the dual purpose of gaining support, in order to further his organization and also to unmask the real "motive" of the NAACP. Later in the same paragraph Garvey points out yet another weakness of Du Bois by saying that when Garvey visited the office of the NAACP, it was run entirely by white or near white workers. Thus exposing the NAACP to criticism from an underrepresented "Negro" community.

In Garvey's second paragraph he attacks the NAACP by saying that they hate Garvey. The reason they hate Garvey is because, as Garvey puts it, the "Universal Negro Improvement Association, without any prejudice to color or caste, is making headway in bringing all the people together for their common good." Garvey again uses words like "bringing all the people together" and "common good" to signify his position of being for the entire Negro community. Garvey's biggest attack of the issue of color is at the end of this second paragraph in which he tells all Negroes that he employs "every shade of color in the race, according to ability and merit," as opposed to hiring the lightest "colored" workers like Du Bois does to further his cause.

In the latter part of Garvey's essay he switches the audience he is addressing yet also making it seem as if he is talking from the perspective of the "Negro" community. Garvey first begins by talking to the NAACP directly stating, "Gentlemen, you are very smart, but Garvey has caught your tune." Thus making the reader believe that they too are part in catching the fault of the NAACP. Garvey then switches back to addressing "Negroes" again and summing up the NAACP's conniving plot to thwart the darker colored "Negroes." Garvey not only sides with "Negroes" but he also seems to be trying to position himself to represent somewhat of a voice in the crowd. Garvey is not trying to be someone the crowd turns to but rather he is trying to lay down a path they all Negroes can follow. In Garvey's last paragraph he ends with the sentence: "With best wishes for your success, I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant," Making himself out to be completely and thoroughly altruistic to the views he has just presented in his essay. And by seemingly wishing to gain nothing from all his effort he is trying to gain the respect and support of his people.

Another subtle style Garvey uses in his essay is the constant quotation of every instance of "negro" and "colored."

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