Wednesday, December 28, 2011

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Research Paper

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Research Paper

I am writing you a brief letter with a couple of important goals at hand. One, I haven't said hello in a while and I would like to make sure things are in a good nature back in Seattle. Secondly, I would really enjoy discussing my English class and some of the readings we have embarked on so far this quarter in hopes of convincing you to read them as well. As a good friend of mine, you know as well as I, that I have never been one for sitting down with a warm cup of coffee and absorbing myself into a fictitious novel. Believe it or not though, I have actually read a few texts this year in my Race, Detective Fiction, and Imperial Culture class that have usurped my previous notions on reading for pleasure. Thus far this quarter, we have traveled back in time to the early the 19th century and have started to examine British Imperial culture and the literary styles of that time.

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An arid and unproductive time of prose this was not! At this time in British development, the country had strong imperial ties to the Middle East, and in result, the two cultures were seemingly intertwined. Stereotypes began to form, and a distinct barrier started to build itself, separating the "white" colonial powers of the West with the "dark" and native savages of the East. These stereotypes and the formation of a sense international superiority is quite obvious in some of the fiction that was popularized in this era.

The well-known Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, written by Conan Doyle, are among these texts I have read and have surprisingly enjoyed. Prior to this class, I had built assumptions, as I think you have, to what a detective novel might consist of. I always assumed that the novels written around Sherlock Holmes appealed to adolescent, suspense-hungry, little boys, who one day themselves hoped to be a great detective. I never would have expected to give any merit or impart respect to the writer of such a trivial sort of novel. It was my view that a detective- themed novel would be a singularly toned short story, whereas the great Sherlock Holmes, along with his companion Watson, would melodiously hunt down and find the criminal.

To my pleasant surprise, as I have continued to read several of the adventures Sherlock Holmes embarks upon, I have definitely changed this opinion! The author, Conan Doyle, has an undoubtedly unique fashion of writing. It combines several techniques in which I have found quite satisfying, as the prejudice-bound reader that I was. First, I enjoy how he combines several theatrical tones to his stories, not limiting himself to plainly suspense but throwing in humor, romance, and even horror at times. Secondly, he writes in an unstructured way that lets the readers mind flow freely as would a detective's mind when dissecting a case.

For example, sometimes in his storylines he will randomly switch from one era in time- say the foggy, melancholy, cobble-stone roads of London, to another, the arid, roaming plains of Utah- in a matter of a chapter. His unrestrictive way of laying down scenes, is really beneficial to a reader like myself who becomes easily bored in reading a story that seems to drag on. Lastly, I became fully acknowledged the talents of Doyle after reading an article written by the literary scholar, Katie Louise-Thomas, who was able to read into The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes in a closer way than I ever could.

She pointed out many metaphorical and allegorical tools that the novelist uses throughout his writing that definitely added a richer complex than what I extracted. According to Louise, Doyle's writing is soaked in elements of historical and political implications affecting his viewpoint and adding a plethora of stereotypes to his stories.

All of these I never expected from a detective novel simply addressed to an audience of 12yr old boys! To finally persuade you into trying out the literary genius of Conan Doyle, I would like to provide you with a quick summary of the latest text of his I read. In The Adventures of a Cardboard Box, Sherlock Holmes detective qualities are brightly illustrated as he collaborates with Watson to discover the murderer of two helpless victims. In this story Miss Cushing, an older widow, is sent two human ears through the postal service, unaware of why the event occurs. Immediately, the skill of Holmes is called upon to discover who the culprit is and what motivation this culprit obtains. Like in all of his other adventures, Holmes almost magically comes to a conclusion through a few painless steps.

With his rodent-like observation, stealthy way of perusing the scene, and deductive manner of question and answer, Holmes finds the murderer. The remainder of the short story is developed as the culprit, Jim Browner, explains his motives in his sad tale of love and loss. The reader is somewhat attached to the poor man who eventually at the end of the story is left at our mercy to decide whether he should be imprisoned! Now Lilly, you tell me honestly if this doesn't appeal to even the anti-reader! Email me back if you want to talk. I love you and miss you and would be thoroughly pleased if you took my advise and read a little Doyle.
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This is a free research paper on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle topic. Keep in mind that all free research project samples and research paper examples are taken from open sources – they are plagiarized and cannot be used as your own research project. If you need a qualitative custom research project on Arthur Conan Doyle for college, university, Master's or PhD degree – you are welcome to contact professional research writing company to have your paper written online by academic research writers.
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Tuesday, December 27, 2011

Paul Revere Research Paper

Research Paper on Paul Revere

Paul Revere is one of America's greatest hero's from the American Revolution. He saved many lives in his midnight ride during the Boston massacre. He was an idol to every ones eyes, so he should be honored and put in Madame Tussaud's Was Museum. During 1774 through the spring of 1775 Paul Revere was working for the Boston Committee of Correspondence and the Massachusetts Committee of Safety. For his work he was an express rider, so he had to carry news, messages, and copies of resolutions as far away as New York and Philadelphia. On the night of April 18, 1775 he was sent to ride to Lexington, Massachusetts to warn Sam Adams and John Hancock that the British troops were coming for them.

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So, on his way to warn them he warned every house he went by from Boston to Lexington. He got to the place they were staying at, at about midnight. When he got there William Dawes then joined him. They decided, on their own, to continue to Concord, Massachusetts where all the weapons were hidden. Then the third rider, Dr. Samuel Prescott, joined them. A little after he joined them, before they got to Concord, British troops arrested them. William Dawes and Dr. Samuel Prescott escaped pretty quickly, but Paul didn't escaped. After a while they released him.

He had no horse to ride so he had to walk all the way to Lexington. Paul Rivoire (Revere) was born in December of 1734. His parents are Apollos Rivoire and Deborah Rivoire; her maiden name is Hichborn. A while after immigrating to America, Paul changed his last name of Rivoire to Revere. 

Paul was the second of at least nine children; there could have possibly been 12 children. He was also the oldest surviving son. He went to school at North Writing School. In 1754 his father died which made him have to get most of his families income. He married Sarah Orne in 1757, but unfortunately she died in 1773. So, a little after Sarah died he got married to Rachel Walker.

When Paul was 76 he retired and left his copper business to his sons and grandchildren. During Paul Revere's last years he was healthy and he died on May 10, 1818 of natural causes. So, Paul had an effecting life on American history. He saved many lives and served his country. He is very inspiring to me, and I think everyone should take a lesson from him and don't only worry about yourself, you should put everyone else before you think about yourself. He should be honored for his bravery and remembered forever so show your pride and put Paul Revere in Madame Tussaud's Was Museum.

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Music Research Paper

Music Research Paper

Question one is about the different ways of listening to music. This is a reading debate essay of the three. Whilst you should make arguments, it is necessary that you quote from readings and back them up because you can't get enough simply from looking at particular uses of music in the contemporary scene. They should be there to reinforce and illustrate your marshalling of other peoples' arguments. It doesn't mean that you've got no voice. Your voice in this type of essay first of all is from the way that you use the arguments, certainly which bits you tend to cite or lean on from the texts and also what points you are trying to make by using them.

We are looking for a reasonable depth of reading on it and looking for an academic quality of balanced argument. I don't think when you have done the reading that it is actually viable or valid to come up with a very strong argument down one side of this. There are strong cases, as one would expect really for a mix of these three factors. I would tend to adopt a set approach to each of the three propositions.

In what way can you demonstrate that the music itself affects how listeners listen to it without any knowledge of the artists or anything? I think it is certainly possible to argue that that is only a hypothetical premise anyway because if for example anyone puts on Method Man, people laugh and are clearly going to respond in the contextual way - it is not just music with different musical values, it carries cultural codings and values. Now whether you call that the music itself or whether you call that part of its cultural trappings is down to your line of argument. The music itself is probably the least likely to be a strong plank in this.

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You certainly should be able to demonstrate some context in which music itself affects listening and part of Adorno's arguments do tend that way. For example, I think that you could use his fundamental division between art music and popular music and perhaps say that it isn't possible to listen to art music in the way and for the purposes that you listen to popular music - that his assumed gratifications from those two forms don't cross over. In a way, that the music itself will determine certain things about listening and that you can't bop around to Mozart and you can't furrow your brow over Gareth Gates. There is something there about what the music allows you to get from it.

Adorno primarily illustrates the importance of personality or orientation of music. As you go through that, you should look at most or all of the points of his typology of listening of which there are seven. The Adorno stuff is very much of its time - it shows the crudity of mass culture when radio was the primary means of record distribution and not records. It is definitely valid to criticize Adorno and one of the outcomes we expect at this level is a critical approach.

You can challenge Adorno on various bases and certainly you can qualify him and say that much of what he says has relevance at the time and continues to have relevance now, some of it does not do so in a mature popular music market and that perhaps the line between the types of music and therefore the types of listener that he elaborates is not as clear as it was then/does not exist/not useful - all of which are a fair comment. From Chris Kennett, we have the varying effects of listening contexts. Some of them were technical, environmental and social. There are lots of possibilities arguing in favor of the context of listening.

It is worth constantly looking back at the title while you write and make sure that you are covering it and looking at the word for word aspects. How do you start? Adorno possibly - different ways of listening to music in terms of what you are listening to it for but then you could also put in there the context sensitivity - a way of listening to music is extremely loud in the car or on a walk-man or drifting off to sleep. In fact, the preconceptions around those say something about the choice of music and the kind of perception that you're applying to it.

For example, if you are putting it on a sleep timer, you won't really be getting into it and try to work out any technical aspects of it - it is there for a highly specified function. That in a way becomes a factor of listening to music and the use of the sleep timer is a technological context as in Kennett. It is something that has heavily set up and predisposed the mode of listening and there are plenty of other examples that show that.

I think it is fair to go into some of the professional contexts that will affect you, what is the way of listening to music if you think there is a risk of you spending some money on it - if an artist brings music to an entrepreneur, there are contextual factors at least and there may well be personal factors and possibly musical factors that affect how the entrepreneur listens and what they are listening for and to - the level of depth. This may go either way; it may be in that example they would listen very closely to all sorts of unusual considerations. On the other hand, if you follow one strand of Adorno's reasoning, they won't do that at all.

One of the distillation of comments that he made is that once with art music, music had to be good first and then it got marketed and that now, under the culture industry, music has to be marketable first then examined as to whether it is any good or not. So you could possibly argue that in the example with the entrepreneur listening to some music, they are being right down the culture industry end and only listening for marketability or not allowing other factors to distract them until they have made some appraisal of the marketability. That is definitely a context sensitive listening point. If you are doing the first essay, be clear but it is a question in two halves and the second half has three components in it - each of which needs to be discussed.

The ways of listening to music may not take you very long out of your total budget but certainly there should be thorough argument about the three proposals in the second half. You can come to a conclusion provided that it is safe and it is safe when you have worked through the minor of the things that you have evaluated. You need to show evidence in assessments and assess what it is about.

It is making sure that not only do you know things but it is very clear that you know you've thought through things on paper so if you are going to favor one outcome then it is important to demonstrate that you have fairly considered the other outcomes and shown why they have less of an influence than the one you've picked. Context is definitely very important but you would then need to set up an experiment on paper saying okay, here we are with some effective contexts, here we are switching the variables so that now we are keeping the contexts and the personality and changing the music and as you can see, that doesn't produce such a strong effect, sort of.

Make some kind of argument along those lines so that you are showing the different weightings that these sorts of things have. Analyze the character and function of one music publication or national newspaper section This is for the most part a kind of methodical use of data approach to an essay. It draws on the content analysis that we did but it uses it as a stepping-stone so that it is necessary to do both types of content analysis of the publication you are choosing - the quantitative and qualitative analysis but that is not the work you show in great depth.

One of the main things that has let down the marks for essays under this title in the past has been that they have taken the title to be show a character and function or show a content analysis and if you don't distil that and use it to support argument then it is a relatively weak piece of work at this level.

It needs to be done as preparation and is the alternative to the reading that has to be done for essay one but as with that, you can't just plonk chunks of the reading in and call that an argument so you can't just plonk your content analysis in and call that an analysis of character and function, it isn't. Components that make up a character - a lot of it is qualitative here so the layout - some of that you can do by saying there are x pages of color and x quarter pages and it is quantitative but don't get bogged down in detail with this. It really is best to kind of do the content analysis, set it aside and work from it drawing bits from it when you need it otherwise you will probably put too much of it in and not enough creative thinking. The graphic approach and the textual approach as well - the type of words, the length of the pieces, the type size - all these things differ and form part of the magazine's impression of character. Type of language that they use, the type of music that they include and exclude.

The position from which they have used society - informal/social judgements - when the magazine's persona or the journalist's persona expresses itself, it does so with an assumed character of someone of a certain age with a certain style and it tries to make itself like the readership so who is that national reader? Who is being mimicked by the magazine? That is very much part of the character aspect of it. For function, there are three areas that we discuss.

One is the publishing house itself and sometimes you can certainly draw on what Eamonn Ford talked about in terms of an overall strategy of someone like IPC or EMAP to position themselves in a given market so it is a more complex thing than just putting the magazine out and making money. It forms part of a whole editorial policy to participate in a sector of publishing and you may find when you look up some of the magazines that have closed, you could make the argument that it was because they lost their function from the publisher. There is a function to people who want to use the magazine to communicate with the audience - the advertising industry, the music industry, who will often be the same thing.

Quantitative analysis supports that very well because you can actually look at the amount and the type of advertising and you can say something narrower about the function than to reach consumers. You could say given that the magazine carries lots of advertising for relatively cheap products and things like ringtones, etc. - it is aimed at this market, scratch and sniff adverts are aimed at this market and cars for this market.

It is the implications of this analysis that are important. The functions for the music industry as we've discussed are wider than the functions to just advertisers because the editorial that is in the magazine serves the music industry well in the broad sense of building artist identity and seeds and loyalty to those things. This is possibly going to depend a lot on what it is you analyze and I would heavily recommend unless you have a good reason otherwise, to analyze something where there is lots of it and it is easy to see like NME, Smash Hits or Q. Unless you feel you have a really strong insight into a particular stake in anything then pick something with plenty of obvious characteristics.

Perhaps the most complex and hardest to prove function is the function to the readership but that makes it a very fertile part of the assessment in potential. It means that you can perhaps comment on the changes in function that we've talked about and debate with our journalist guests and it means that maybe you can contrast what the magazine thinks it is with the likelihood of what the readership wants from it.

So for example, our core topic of criticism and reviewing - you can make a limited argument that the power of the magazine to recommend buying may still be there but is less there for a smaller part of the readership than there would have been in the past however the magazine may not have actually responded to that in terms of changing the balance of its topic. I think you should keep it in proportion but comparison is quite good to illustrate certain points in a way. If you say there are x pages or parts of a page dedicated to this aspect in the magazine you are talking about, that is not entirely helpful unless you contrast it with a different sort of publication where there is another approach, which is a much more persuasive argument.

Where you are working on one of your stronger points, I think that it is a very good added value idea to observe something else similar to show that there is a trend or different to show that this trend only takes place with a certain readership in mind, with a certain magazine style, certain character and function profile. If you are going to do that or use several differing examples then do that kind of thing once applying it to one of your larger arguments or you could loosely run it parallel so that it goes through the whole thing if you can see one that suits.

If you are making a very firm split about character and function on the grounds of music genre or age, for example, and you can find publications that are very explicitly targeted and have clearly different approaches - you are asked to do one so you need to put one in the foreground to show how it differs consistently. As with all things, there must be some kind of example or citation to support any assertion that you make. You can't just say it is aimed at 18-24 year old - you need to look at the music that is covered, the type of language used, the advertising, etc. If it comes from you, it needs some kind of evidential support.

That can be drawn from the magazine; you don't have to look outside this for a bibliography. One tact that you might take with this is to do the methodical content analysis, format as an appendix and then refer to it and that will stop you from overusing it and would give you a nice separation and ensure you were arguing from it and not using chunks of it. What I'm expecting to see for referencing is a deep referencing of a few issues of one magazine and possibly another one of it.

It is only the first essay that really needs any books in it. What contribution does music journalism make to today's music industry? I would hope to see some of the observations from the journalists and PRs during those sessions and you need to contrast that with the contribution or lack of it that other people have made and in some cases, you can see what the PRs were saying last week that one aspect of the contribution of music press has definitely diminished - that it is now according to them only seen as a kind of entry level usage, it doesn't introduce music to a mass audience, it introduces music to the adopters and tasters. Again there are some considerations, which I would say as the function of the press to the music industry for this will come up in terms of solidifying acts, identifies with the public, which nothing else really does. If you look at delivery methods of radio or television, radio doesn't do any of that whatsoever - it is essentially music and television does a bit, it shows you what they look like and a bit of what they act like but the only medium which gives you an apparent insight into how they think is print or text. It is informative for people to look at online journalism and see if there is a difference.

I suppose it is quite possible to argue as part of this that just considering music journalism as a single phenomenon gives you some general factors that we've gone through but that as specialism has become more favored in recent years, you can't really talk about a function of music journalism to the industry - it is different. For example, the function of all or part of DJ Magazine is much more explicit and close to a trade magazine, more likely still, to do with whether or not to buy the records than even something in the same community like Mixmag.

Of the mainstream dance magazines, if you contrasted Music and DJ then their function to the music industry would not actually be identical. Music is more glamorizing, more broadly documentary and personality driven and mainstream and DJ is closer to trade, closer to the factual approach to record buying for their use as a tool to make money with. Certainly, I think it is interesting to talk about aspiration with this. There may be aspects of the urban sector or possibly rock magazines that show the same kind of things - that the readers of dance magazines weren't going out raving a lot, they just wished they were. Don't take it at face value, which can also apply to the second topic.

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Monday, December 26, 2011

Ethnography Research Paper

Ethnography Research Paper

Wheeling and Dealing: An Ethnography of an Upper-Level Drug Dealing and Smuggling Community
Patricia Adler and her husband carried out a very risky ethnography of an upper-level drug community known primarily for large amounts of drug dealing and smuggling. In doing so they put their own lives at risk by studying such a sensitive topic. However, they were able to carry out a study that produced results that were new and informative, especially compared to previous studies done on lower levels of drug use and selling. Adler and her husband began their study after observing and interacting with their neighbor, who they shared a common interest of smoking pot with. After spending a lot of time with him and other key informants involved in the smuggling trade, gaining rapport, Adler saw a prime opportunity to begin her study, receiving open approval from these few subjects. However, there was still great risk for both Adler and her husband, as they were putting their lives in jeopardy by interacting with these individuals. They risked police involvement if they were to be subpoenaed due to their insight and recorded evidence of drug related dealings and faced incarceration for witnessing illegal activity and not reporting it to officials. 

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They also faced risks from their subjects, who were frequently paranoid due to their illegal involvement. In addition, the drugs they took altered their moods, making their behavior more unpredictable as they sometimes deemed Adler and her husband as unsafe. In order to better secure their safety, Adler offered protection to her subjects through anonymity and confidentiality. However, because the drug smuggling industry is so dangerous and secretive Adler had to carry out a lot of her study covertly. She had confided in a few key informants and they agreed it would be best to keep a hidden agenda among some individuals. Those she had been overt with aided in her study by informing her of "big deals" that were going to happen or if someone that would be of interest to Adler and crucial in her ethnography were going be around in case she wanted to "stop by". As Adler and her husband gained trust and rapport with many individuals within this circle, they became overt in their methodological research. However this did backfire sometimes as some people withdrew upon discovering the Adlers' motives while others threatened to take the tapes they had recorded of them, becoming paranoid, especially under the influence, about being taped. The Adlers took more precaution on how and who to reveal their study motives and continued to carry out the study covertly with some subjects, deciding it was in their personal interest. According to Adler her subjects did not perform these deviant behaviors because they had no alternate opportunities in a conventional society or because of life failures. They entered a life of deviance because of numerous combining factors that led them to believe that it was a better life than what was offered through society's norms. First, they chose to follow their id, their pleasure seeking intrinsic desires for instant gratification. Fulfilling these drives is taboo in American society, therefore repressing those who are involved is bureaucratic and causes those individuals involved to refrain from conventional society and continue their behavior defiantly. Although Adler does note that not all people in this situation turn to drug smuggling, those who see ample opportunity in the drug-smuggling illicit enterprise enter it for the freedom and hedonism (Adler Pp. 155). I find Adler's argument to be informative and somewhat convincing. I also believe that these individuals did not enter this deviant career choice because they were unable to function under a more conventional job. I believe that Adler's subjects, being a predominately upper-class group, would be capable of work in several legitimate industries as many were very business-like and efficient. However, I do believe that some individuals, especially those at the lower end of the drug dealing enterprise, fight to survive under conventional jobs, especially when having little or no education. Involvement in a deviant career allows them the opportunity to make more money than through typical means (Adler Pp. 155). In her final chapter, Adler addresses the government's "War on Drugs" and its unintended consequences. She states "drug trafficking has been affected by the level and the type of law enforcement. Each time the latter escalates, the former has to escalate to survive" (Pp.196). By this she means that as U.S. officials develop more drug policies, such as increased border control, "small timers", are forced to go under due to limited sources of transportation (i.e. trucks rather than planes) and resources, while large smugglers benefit as they become more powerful and elite able to operate under financial strength. In essence, according to Patricia Adler, the U.S. government helps to create a larger-scaled, structured organization of smugglers that are able to meet consumer demands. It is then that this deviant lifestyle becomes most intriguing, as it did for many of Adler's subjects, offering a high dollar, fast-paced, free-spirited career opportunity for those who have the connections and resources to go into business.
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Acid Rain Research Paper

Research Paper on Acid Rain

Acid rain is rain, snow or fog that is formed in the atmosphere by industrial waste gases and damages the environment. Two common air pollutants acidify rain: sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide .When these substances are go up into the atmosphere they can be carried over long distances by prevailing winds before returning to earth as acidic rain, snow, fog or dust. When the environment cannot neutralize the acid being deposited, damage occurs. The chemistry of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (Nox) are the primary causes of acid rain. When large quantities of these two particular chemicals enter the atmosphere, they team up with (h2o) to produce strong acids and nitric acid which is formed in the Sunlight increases the rate of most of these reactions. The result is a solution of sulphuric acid and nitric acid in the air. Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, fog, and snow. As this acidic water flows over and through the ground, it affects a variety of plants and animals.

 

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The strength of the effects depend on many factors, including how acidic the water is, the chemistry and of then buffering capacity soils involved, and the types of fish, trees, and other living things that rely on the water. Dry deposition refers to acidic gases and particles. About half of the acidity in the atmosphere comes back to earth through dry deposition. The wind blows these acidic particles and gases onto buildings, cars, homes, and trees. Dry deposited gases and particles can also be washed from trees and other surfaces by rainstorms. When this happens, the runoff water adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more acidic than the falling rain alone Acid rain has several effects to the world. The first affect that I will discuss will be the damage and death of forests all over the world. The reason for this is that the acid takes important minerals from the leaves of the trees and from the soil. Acid rain also releases the toxic metals from the soil which causes damage to the roots of the trees. This then means that they have trouble growing, are attacked by fungi and viruses and eventually die. Acid lakes are the next effect that I'll discuss in comparison to acid rain. An acid lake may look crystal clear but has hardly any life left in it at all. A healthy lake would have the ph level of 6.5 but an acidic lake would be below 6.0 and life would start to die out. It starts off with the small insects in the lake dying off followed by the fish dying off because their source has been cut off. Finally this can even affect birds because they eat insect larvae which may absorb the poisonous metals. Corrosion is the next issue that acid rain affects some of our historic sites which may be made out of limestone and sandstone. But evidence now shows that normal buildings are now at risk because of the fact that acid pollution weakens leather and erodes building materials. The final effect is to our health. People can be harmed by breathing in the chemicals from dry deposition which can cause chest illness. Explaining this in more detail the chemicals act like a poison, causing the airways in the respiratory system to get narrower. This in turn causes breathing to become more difficult and puts stress on the heart. Transboundary pollution is where once acid rain is formed it stays in the clouds for a long time and is swept off 100's of kilometers away eventually falling on the earth in the form of acid rain. One major example would be Britain, Poland and Germany. British emissions generate 90% of their acid deposition and are then swept as winds to Scandinavia where they fall as acid rain. This then causes acidifying damage to the country Indeed there are a few solutions to our current problem with the acid rain. First would be reducing the amount of Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions at the industrial source. Some types of coal contain less Sulphur then others. Adding lime to the lakes and forests to help minimize the affects that the acid rain has. Cars can be fitted with catalytic converters to cut down on the amounts of poisonous fumes that they produce. Short term the few things that we can do is use public transport and recycle.
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Sex Education Research Paper

Sex Education Research Paper

In today's society there is an on going debate over sex education and its influence on our children. "The question is no longer should sex education be taught, but rather how it should be taught" (DeCarlo). By denying children sex education you are in a sense sheltering them from the harsh realities they are bound to encounter. Sex education has become an essential part of the curriculum and by removing the information provided by this class we will be voluntarily putting our children in danger. During the teenage years every boy and girl undergo major changes in the body that most of the time need explaining. This emphasizes one of the most evident reasons for sexual education being taught to students. 

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Sex education can help children to cope with the many changes caused by the onset of puberty. One such example is a female's first menstruation and the uneasiness they feel. If this girl had been informed of this change prior to its onset, then her ability to accept and understand it would be greatly enhanced. Hormonal and physical changes in the body begin without warning and a child needs to know why these changes are occurring. Students are taught about the anatomy of the human body and how and why it works the way it does. Knowing and understanding how a persons body works is a fundamental part of any persons life, and the ability to gain this knowledge should not be ignored. With teenage pregnancy rates higher than ever, and the imminent threat of the contraction of STD's, such as HIV, the role of sex education in the school is of greater importance now than ever before. At the beginning of puberty, hormones start raging and all teenagers begin to experience sexual urges. It's not something anyone, including a parent or teacher, can control. It's a natural function of the body and has been since the beginning of time. With this hormone rush comes experimentation among teenagers. They begin to explore their bodies along with the bodies of other people. "You can't prevent teenagers from having sex, no matter what you preach. If students are having sex they might as well do it the safe way. It's a way for schools to show that they actually care," says Shauna Ling-Choung (Richardson). Students need the support from schools to know they have somewhere to go for the good or bad. With sex education classes the students are taught about various methods of contraception, including abstinence. By teaching the students about the many types of contraception, the chance of contraceptives being used is greatly increased. Many schools have recently begun programs to distribute condoms to students in their schools in order to hopefully increase the use of condoms. A recent study shows that the availability of condoms in schools did in fact increase condom use. Condom access is a "low-cost harmless addition" to our current sex education programs (Richardson). When thinking of sex education for our children, the saying - "better safe than sorry", should immediately come to mind. Along with teaching contraceptives to students, the vital information of STD's are also taught. Currently, out of all age groups, teenagers have the highest rates of sexually transmitted diseases, with one in four young people contracting an STD by the age of twenty-one (DeCarlo). Included in the STD category is the HIV virus, which is spreading at rapid rates among the teenage population. "It is believed that at least twenty percent of new patients with AIDS were infected during their teenage or early adult years." And still some school leaders are trying to remove our best means of prevention of the disease: sex education (Roye 581). Teachers are able to educate students with the correct information on the many types of sexually transmitted diseases that exist in the world today. False information about ways of contracting diseases, symptoms of, and treatments of STDs, and preventative measures are weeded out. Then students receive the accurate information about sexually transmitted diseases. Protection of our children from sexually transmitted diseases should start in the classroom where it can be assured that the correct and critical information will be provided to them. Nobody likes to be talked to like they are a child, and by denying teenagers sexual education, schools are, in a sense, talking down to them. By teaching them the facts about sex, teenagers feel a sense of maturity because it's a mature topic and they are fully aware of that. Students get the feeling that the adults in their lives feel that they are responsible enough to learn about this topic, therefore bringing on more of a response from teenagers. They know they are being treated as adults so they are going to pay attention to what they are being taught and then act as adults and carry out what they were taught. Teenagers appreciate when adults treat them as equals, and anyone will see that children will always respond better to this than to being treated as a child. Much of the typical family structure in the United States and many other places in the world have deteriorated over the last century. A good portion of parents today are divorced, and many of the families that haven't experienced divorce live with both parents working full time jobs. Families today aren't like the family on "Leave It to Beaver," a sitcom that aired in the sixties; the mother isn't home all day baking and making sure that the house is clean. Since family structure has changed, so have the way children are being raised. Society can not count on all parents to instill morals into their children and teach them the facts of life, or even the difference between right and wrong these days. Parents just don't have the time for it. Recently the Vatican released a document stating that "parents alone cannot give children the positive sex education they need to develop healthy attitudes towards sex" (Euchner). Another view on the subject taken by the Nebraska Public School system is that sex education in today's society is too complicated to be left to "the varying influences of parental attitudes and haphazard environmental exposure" (Chaumont).

 Besides, even if the parents were around more often then not, the chances of a child approaching their parent about the "bird and the bees" is very unlikely. These children need to have a place were the information on this touchy subject is provided to them without them needing to ask. "Kids don't go asking their parents. This is the only way for them to find out answers because they are to embarrassed to ask anyone else," says Pallodino, and eighteen year old from Virginia (O'Hanlon). In order for children to grow up with the correct information regarding sex, it is necessary to have sex education provided to them in schools. Even though sex education seems as if it can do no wrong, there still remains many opponents, including many authors who clearly express their view that are still against it in our schools. There are many reasons why people feel like this, two of which are they feel as if sex education does no good at all, and another is that people feel that it is influencing students to have sex. Ellen Hopkins, author of "Sex is for Adults", says that sex education does many great things , except for the one thing we want it to do, which is make our children more responsible (Hopkins 589). She feels as though the information that students are receiving is not having any influence on them. The feeling that sex education classes are influencing teenagers to have sex is a feeling that is shared by William Kilpatrick. He states that "as the statistics show, American teenagers are living up to expectation. They are having more sex and using more condoms" (Kilpatrick 597).

These two individuals, along with many others, feel that sex education is doing more harm then it is good. Teenage sexual activity has been raising steadily for more than two decades until now. A recent survey shows the first drop since the nineteen seventies. In 1990, girls that had engaged in sexual intercourse was at fifty-five percent, until 1995 when it dropped to fifty percent. The percentage of boys engaging in sexual intercourse also dropped by five percent. The use of condoms has tripled since the 1970's, showing that people are being safer about sex (Vobejda). A poll done by Reuter's shows that eighty-two percent of the people who participated in the survey supported sex education in schools (Yahoo). Studies obviously show that sex education courses are helping today's teenagers to become more responsible for their own actions. The information that sex education provides to teenagers is indispensable. Schools are meant to educate our children in not just one topic, but all topics. "Why would anyone on the state Board of Education not want to cover something broadly? We don't take that approach with history or math.", says Denice Bruce of Wichita, Kansas (Associated Press). Sexually educating our children is just as important if not more important than math or history because sex education can mean the difference between life and death of your child. 

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Thursday, December 22, 2011

Overpopulation Research Paper

Research Paper on Overpopulation

Controlling the overpopulation is something all of us might do. Government, politicians, doctors, and even church should be involved because this planet will not support the increasing population for a longer time even thought we think it will. Three aspects will be considered, from the easiest to the hardest, and these are advertisement, laws, and the roll of the church. First, advertisement is easiest solution, or let's says the easiest way people start to think and then do something about it.

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Having done campaigns about birth control is something many countries have done since overpopulation started to be a threat to their life. Giving condoms for free is also other way to do it.

Although people are not thinking about this problem they are helping to fix it, or at least, not to increase it. Having changed the way people see this issue, we can start changing how the law sees it too, and that exactly is our next possible solution. Restricting the number of children couples could have, would be the first step. Then legalize the abortion based on the last statement because there is always the possibility for women to get pregnant. In addition, make men to do a procedure in order not to ejaculate when they are having sex after the first or the second children. Obviously, these laws will be made by the government based on the necessities of each country or their beliefs. The last and probably the hardest part is to make church to be involved in the problem, yet unfortunately religions or at least their interpretation opposites completely to control the control of overpopulation for one or another reason.

We have to make religious realized by facts and/or statistics that they have to teach their followers to control the number of people in their families and use birth control, or use any method to rationalize the number of people on the planet. Having made them think about it, we would have made a huge progress having power over this issue. At the end, no matter how we would "attack" the problem if is with advertisement, laws, or involving church in the process, yet we need to do something against this predicament that worries at least one third of the population and must of the governments on the planet; the overpopulation.
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Chocolate Research Paper

Chocolate Research Paper

What is the very first thing that comes to mind when I say the word Chocolate? Hershey Kisses, ice cream, cake, how about Love? This is the story of the cocoa bean, or known to all of us in its sweet form as Chocolate. In the following research paper on chocolate, we will examine this passionate treat's discovery in the New World by Columbus and Cortes, its succeeding obsession that swept Europe in the sixteenth century, and finally how the cocoa bean is processed into the many pleasures that we all enjoy today. Archeologists strongly believe that the Mayan Indians of Central America cultivated cocoa trees as early as the 7th century. It was not until Christopher Columbus's fourth voyage to America in 1502 that he became the first European to drink chocolate. He was not impressed with the bitter taste. Columbus was probably more interested in discovering gold or a new route to India than shipping an awful-tasting beverage. 

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Little did he know! Instead, it was Hernan Cortes who introduced the Europeans to what the Aztec Indians of Mexico called Chocolatl. It was not because chocolate tasted any better. The chocolatl given to Cortes was just as strong and bitter as the one Columbus tried, however Cortes was fascinated with the golden goblets used to serve the drink. The Aztecs believed chocolate was a divine drink that was from the Garden of Life for them to enjoy. The chocolate Cortes and other Spanish explorers took home to Spain was still a rather potent brew. Spanish nobility quickly learned to sweeten it with honey and vanilla. For more than one hundred years the Spanish nobility kept their recipe to themselves. By the 1660 houses or cafes selling chocolate had sprung up throughout Europe. The Aztecs made chocolatl by roasting cocoa beans in clay pots. Then on a stone called metate, they grounded the beans with another stone, called mano, producing a paste they formed into cakes. They added corn meal to their chocolate to give it a more mellow taste. Later on, the English stirred in potato starch to improve the flavor. When the Aztecs wanted some chocolatl, they broke off a piece of the cake, dissolved it in hot water and whipped the mixture into a frothy drink with a stirrer called molinillo. Hot chocolate is still made like that in Mexico. Cocoa trees grow close to the equator where the climate is warm all year round. Cocoa trees are so delicate that are unable to stand direct sunlight. On most plantations they are planted in the shade of banana trees. The Cocoa pods, which house 15-25 beans, are what chocolate makers desire. Cocoa pods do not grow like cherries or peaches, sprouting from stems at the ends of branches. Instead, cocoa pods pop out right from the trunk and thick main branches. As soon as the ivory-colored beans are scooped from their shells, they react with oxygen and begin to change color. The beans are then heaped on the ground in large piles to ferment. Cocoa beans ferment when the yeast and bacteria in the air act upon the sugar in the pulp, producing heat and acid, modifying the membranes of the beans. This chemical reaction inside the beans changes them so that their full flavor may be developed when the beans are roasted. In order to stop the fermentation the beans must be dried. After the cocoa beans are dried, they are cleaned, sorted, roasted and cracked. The resulting small nibs of cocoa are ground under high pressure to form chocolate liquor, a dark brown, fine paste (which is 54% fat or other wise know as cocoa butter). This liquor, solidified in blocks, becomes the most basic baking product for the kitchen: bitter, unsweetened chocolate. Further refined through repeated milling, and mixed with varying proportions of sugar and additional cocoa butter, the chocolate grows smoother and gradually lighter in color, becoming bittersweet, semisweet and sweet. The addition of milk solids to sweetened chocolate creates creamy milk chocolate. Cocoa butter alone, filtered free of the chocolate liquor's dark solids under hydraulic pressure and then enhanced with milk, sugar, and sometimes vanilla, produces the white chocolate. The chocolate solids minus the cocoa butter, ground to a fine powder, become the cocoa powder. When love is in the air (and even when it isn't), thoughts often turn to chocolate. There's no other food that symbolizes affection like chocolate candy. Chocolate and love have been linked together for centuries. Chocolate was considered by many to be an aphrodisiac, a potent stimulant of love.
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Tuesday, December 20, 2011

Research Paper on Racial Profiling

Research Paper on Racial Profiling

Have you ever walked down a street and judged a person based on the way he or she looked? This is, what we know today as, Racial Profiling. Racial Profiling is the act of looking at a person and deciding racially if a person is good, bad, right, or wrong. Is racial profiling the right way to judge a person and or country of a different race, due to the factors of today's society and on our many worldly views, based on equality of many races and their actions. The aim of this paper is to view the fact of racial profiling as a combination of judgment and equality of rights of different countries and people, but also how it is measured whether or not by the way they act. Many main topics are discussed about this tragic point such as racial and equal rights, judging certain people based on others actions, and making decisions about countries or groups based on their leaders actions.

 

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Morally it is not right to judge a book by its cover, so therefore, it is not right to base your opinion of a person strictly because of their looks. There are many different views of today's society and no two people have one alike. A lot of people think certain someone's should not have the same equality of rights as them. One of the many factors of racial profiling is local, state, and national law enforcement.

Many studies through the history of a few years has proved what many have known for decades: law enforcement agents of all levels consistently use race, ethnicity, national origin, and religion when choosing which individuals should be stopped and searched. Certain states are beginning to examine this discriminatory practice. These racial profiling acts occur when local, state, and national police departments pulled over innocent suspects strictly based on what they are looking at while driving passed them and for no good reason at all. It is not really an issue of who really gets stopped, but why they get stopped and how they are treated like uncivil people.

Many agreements came about after an investigation of police records were revealed that African American and Latinos drove three-fourths of the vehicles stopped and searched on state highways. Based on these investigations of racial profiling, I believe it is wrong what these law enforcement officers are using their powers for by arresting or pulling over innocent victims. In the aftermath of Sept. 11 racial profiling towards Arabs and people of Middle Eastern decent has increased dramatically. A year after this act of terrorism people of Middle Eastern decent has had it rough and have been targeted for special scrutiny.

For example, many Arabs have been asked to leave an airplane and escorted off for no reason, but because of their appearance. Also many Sikh Americans have been asked to remove their turbans even though that is a highly aggravated violation to their religion. Based on these allegations of racial profiling, I believe it is wrong what these government officials are using their powers for by violating religious heritage and dismissing innocent people. We all know that the act of terrorism on our country was very harsh, but it also goes both ways for all those cruel people who badger innocent human beings for where they come from and what family traditions and heritages they have.

Even though our nation was crumbled, we were not crushed and we will regain our power, rebuild our lives, and move on as stronger people. Throughout Americas history there has been many racists groups such as the KKK, Black Panthers, Nazis, and so on. These particular groups had a strict way of living in the style they believed in. They all had a certain view or opinion on mainly one type of person or group of people.

For example, the KKK hated blacks, the Black Panthers did not care for whites mainly because of equal rights purposes, and the Nazis thought there was only one type of perfect person and that was one whom had blonde hair and blue eyes and all others were the devils children. A new group has been brought forward now that the act of terrorism occurred on 9-11 and that is the group known as Al Khida. There is still no reason for what all of these unforgivable people have done. Another couple individuals had the thought of going around and shooting people. Now that this unknown sniper has been caught it is now known that he is from Middle Eastern decent and nothing can be explained at this point in the investigation.

All we can say about these uncivilized humans is that it is done and over with, but now we need to move on and succeed in the future even though it was all morally wrong. As human beings and based on the constitution we all have the right to our own opinion on other people, but we should not judge people whether they are good or bad, neither by the way they dress, act, by their cultural traditions, or just by their overall appearance. After viewing over all the situations of racial profiling I have a change of thought and this way of looking at someone is a very wrong way to judge a certain person or group.

If you are a United States citizen of any race you should not have to be hassled all the time because of your way of life or your cultural background. I some what agree in some parts of racial profiling, but it is still the wrong thing to do. For instance, put yourself in their shoes, would you like it done to you, I know you would not. So, in the contrast of the situation, would you want some one to judge you strictly on your outside looks or based on who you really are, a proud citizen of your country? Think about it, make the right decision, and treat your fellow citizen of any race or color with the same rights you want to be treated.
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Monday, December 19, 2011

Stress Research Paper

Stress Research Paper

I was looking through my wife's Woman's Day magazine and came across an article on stress titles "Sick of Stress". The article discusses what can cause stress, complaints of stress, and how to fight stress. Since everyone has or will experience stress sometime in their life, I felt I should take this opportunity to share my findings as well as gain more knowledge on this subject. The type of stress that is caused by day to day activities is called chronic stress. This type of stress can cause high blood pressure, problems with the digestive track and make an individual more susceptible to colds and flu. With new research it has been discovered that this type of stress can have a greater toll on one's health that what was thought previously.

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This "body/mind connection" takes affect when the brain senses stress and in return stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. From this stress hormones surge forth into bloodstream, triggering increase in heart rate, breathing rates muscle tension, metabolism and blood pressure.

This defense mechanism is known as the "Fight or Flight response," and allows a person to cope by giving you the extra power to confront a difficult situation. When stress is chronic the body remains in a near constant low- level state of alarm. A major health concern/consequence of stress is heart disease. This is caused by the increase in blood pressure and higher heart rate. According to research, women with chronic or high level stress appear to be more susceptible to dying from heart disease.

It has been determined, by research, that woman that have high levels of mental stress have double risk for stroke and heart related deaths compared to those that report low stress levels. Heart attacks for men are an elevated risk but death by heart disease caused by stress is unlikely. A theory to back up this idea is that men are less likely than women to admit that they feel stressed which in return causes data not to accurate. Another health concern of stress is inflammatory disease. When an individual experiences inflammation; the body releases hormones called glucocortoids to assist in "turning off the inflammation." When the body resists the defense of these hormones such conditions as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

To fight this condition is has been determined that a person should have a strong social support because the support can reduce the stress levels and is able to assist in restoring the ability of glucocortoids to respond to inflammation. A third body process that is affected by stress is the healing process. It has been researched and determined that stress slows down the healing process as well as the body's ability to fight off infection.

From the research it is suggested that if an individual is about to have elective surgery and is under extreme stress this individual should reschedule the surgery until stress is lowered. If an individual is able to do this the healing process will be a lot smoother as well as faster. A fourth factor that can be less effective is vaccinations. It has been determined that vaccinations taken while under stress are less effective. This is especially true of meningitis vaccinations.

Through research is has been discovered that individuals that have a high level of "life stress" (meaning stress is present and felt in current situation) have lower antibody levels than those who have lower levels of "life stress." This high level of stress has also been determined to be associated with vaccinations such as hepatitis B, influenza, and rubella. From this research also came the conclusion that stress does affect the body considerably and the amount of stress is important but how one reacts to the stress is the most important. Basically it is a person's reaction to an event that causes stress, not the event itself so stress is a factor that a person has to learn to cope with for the sake of their health and being. There are several signs of stress. This article names five of the important signs.

The first is sleep problems. If an individual is having problems with falling asleep of restless sleep then stress could be the cause. A second is mood change. If an individual is feeling irritable, worried, anxious or depressed then stress could be the culprit. A third is having more physical complaints. If you are feeling more pain in your neck and shoulder muscles, have more headaches, indigestion, bowel, heart races uncontrollably, and sometimes have elevated high blood pressure then stress is most likely the cause.

A fourth is change in behaviors such as using alcohol to reduce stress, caffeine, overeating or using other substances that you normally wouldn't. The last sign is if you are constantly busy and never take time for yourself. With doing this exercise is lax, a healthy diet is not seen and no activity that you enjoy takes place. With recognizing these signs a person should take the time to make changes and help the body and mind to reduce the stress level. Now that we have discussed the signs and causes of stress let's discuss how to fight the stress and win. This article states several techniques to use.

For a "quick fix" when feeling stress an individual should used deep breathing. This can be used anywhere and at anytime. Some other things that an individuals could do is take the time to call a friend, take a walk, take a day off from work, get some extra sleep, take up a hobby that is relaxing, learn to meditate. Also television shouldn't be used to reduce stress since television has a lot of stress causing factors reported, take a mini-vacation if possible and make sure that you are "in-touch" with your body.

If these suggestions and ideas don't change the stress level then other extremes should be taken such as psychotherapy. I believe that this article is very informative. I can relate too many of the items stated in this article. I know that I have been under great stress this summer with taking a full load at school, kids being home everyday and attempting to get homework done and spending every evening at the baseball field. I know the signs of stress first hand. I have always been one that handles stress with "ease" but have actually experienced some of these signs this summer.

I have had trouble sleeping some nights, I have had aches and pains that I normally don't have, and I have became extremely grouchy which I usually don't do. I know that my family has seen the difference in me and I can't wait to get this semester over. When this semester is over I am taking the advice of this article and taking my family on a well deserved vacation. This will be time for us to feel no stress of school work, house work or baseball. I am a strong believer of taking some time and getting away from the stressor so that you can cope better when you are faced with the stressor again.

Learning how to handle stress and knowing your body's style in handling stress is very important in overcoming the stress and ailments that come along with it. When I am stressed I usually don't like to show it and my wife likes to point this fact out to me. She is frazzled about a situation and I seem calm. I keep the stress to myself and when it becomes to the extreme I release through becoming moody, which I am hardly not, and eventually have "lazy days." My body knows when to react to the stress. My wife and I have been trying to take sometime for ourselves every evening by releasing the stress of the day by talking a walk alone.

This seems to keep us connected as well as letting our bodies and minds receive the stress relief and exercise that is needed. This seems to be working out well but it is hard to squeeze in the time but it has to be done because the reward is great. This article gave my new ideas of how to cope with stress and made me aware of how stress affects the body physiologically. Stress can kill and by reviewing this article I have a better understanding of how stress can actually do this to the human body. This article did give me a better understanding and encouraged me to continue handling stress as I have been.

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Tattoos Research Paper

Tattoos Research Paper

There are many means through which people; mostly young adults can identify themselves. Those who decide to modify, or in other's opinion manipulate, their bodies consider it to be an exciting or pleasurable experience or simply the latest fad. Other's do it for artistic or ritual expressions. For many years people have been decorating their bodies with tattoos for their own reasons. Having a crush is not the best reason to get a tattoo. These relationships change too much. Many people get names or special designs tattooed on their bodies as reminders of a special person or affection. Yet, later on in life they spend more time and money getting it removed.

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Do you want a tattoo of a tiger because your significant others nickname is "Tiger" and you love the way they scratch your back? Do you think you'll be with this person in five years? If the relationship ends, how will you look at this tattoo? With fond memories, symbolizing a special period in your life? Or a painful reminder of somebody who hurt you and did not care for you? Most couples get tattoos to prove their love to each other. As the tryst ends they are left with and "I love Susie" or "Sknookums 4-ever." A professional tattooer once said, "Never have a living person's names, initials or portrait tattooed on your body." (Quoted in The Dangers of tattooing, body piercing, and branding.

Pg 96 p3) an exception may be parents or relationships, as these do not vary as much. Gangs and uniformed organizations are prevalent worldwide. Tattoos are often a part of initiation rites. A spider web on an elbow shows the member has killed someone. An outlined teardrop under the right eye denotes East Coast gang members while the teardrop under the left is for a West Coast member. The more teardrops tattooed the more people the member may have killed. Tattooed webs, dots, crosses and "X's" on the hand between the thumb and forefinger, are signature marks of gang associations. The military is another popular group to advocate tattoos.

For young soldiers getting a tattoo used to be a way to pass time when they were not on duty, a place to go to get away from the war and battles. Now it is a way to bond with their fellow service men. It bolsters egos, eases loneliness, and is a possession that is their own, a keepsake, since in the military something of your own is few and far between. Most men or women get their tattoo indicating which branch of the military their in. Whether it is the Marine's and their bulldogs, or the Air Force and their Falcon. Or something to advertise their rank, maybe Major or General.

A Navy veteran of World War II might get a tattoo of his ship to symbolize his pride in his company and his place in history. Most military tattoos consist of American Flags or the Bald Eagle, something to remind them of hope and keep their spirit up. According to www.tattoo.com, tattoos are not just on the increase in the United States, but different forms of tribal tattoos and commemorative tattoos are moving on up the list. The website also marked an increase in patriotic tattoos after the events of September 11, 2001.

"People use tattoos to mark their understanding of who they are, especially after a major, life-changing event, it's a way of reclaiming one's body", says Clinton Sanders a sociology professor at the University of Connecticut. Many people after the events of 9-11 got commemorative tattoos. Firefighters and Police Officers especially received tattoos representing the lives of their lost friends, or the tragedy and loss of our nation as a whole. There are people who loose loved ones close to them and get tattoos to keep their memories alive. Josh Godfrey was unfortunate to loose his mother when he was six.

When he turned 18 he got a tattoo with the date his mother died, a pair of dice rolled to the number six to represent the age he was when he lost her, and a tear drop falling from them to show sadness. This is a way Josh can keep his mother close to him and share it with his family. A tattoo can represent a time or place that has specific meaning. It can express independence, individuality and uniqueness. Tattooing can be beautiful, exhilarating and can open a whole new world to the person. There is a story behind every tattoo. In the past as well as today a tattoo marks the arrival into adulthood. Tattoos have been around for a while and seem to be going strong as a symbol for self expression.

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Friday, December 16, 2011

Research Paper on Maya Angelou

Research Paper on Maya Angelou

Maya Angelou is an American author who wrote poetry, novels, and produced movies. Throughout the hardships in her life she never gave up and later became famous. Maya was born April 4th,1928 in St. Louis Missouri. She was originally named Marguertite but went by the name Maya after her brother had nicknamed her my-a-sister. At age three Maya and her brother Baily were sent to live with their grandmother in Arkansas after the divorce of their parents. Due to a visit to their mother at age eight, Maya became a mute for five years after being raped by her mothers boyfriend. After several years of counseling Maya slowly became better, graduated eighth grade and soon after moved back with her mother. While living with her mother she became a street-car conductor and still attended high school attending drama and dance lessons. At the age of sixteen, Maya became pregnant, gave birth to a son, and name him Clyde.

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Her mother and stepfather offered to him while she worked, but the memories of how she was raised kept Maya from taking the offer (Ceffie27). She soon received a job at a Creole Restaurant and moved out on her own feeling that she should take care of herself, but when this job didn't provide enough she became a prostitute. Courage is the most important virtue, because without courage you can't have the other virtues (Saari35). At the age twenty-two Maya met and married a white sailor in hopes of bringing order into her life. After two and a half years of marriage she grew homesick of living a single and free life, so she divorced him.

Soon after the divorce, Maya became a dancer and this job became a turning point in her life leading her to other performances at nightclubs. She later moved to Egypt with her boyfriend and became an editor to provide more things needed. He began to resent her for taking this and she left him and traveled to Ghana. Here she became a teacher to music and dance classes. After mistreatment from the people in Ghana she returned to the U.S. and became an actor, composed poetry and songs, and also produced a TV series.

In 1977, Maya earned an Emmy Nomination for her many performances. Throughout her life, Maya was influenced by many people to become a writer.

Bertha Flowers was Mayas counselor as a child and helped her to recover by providing poetry to read and by encouraging her to write poems of her own. Mayas grandmother was also supportive and convinced Maya to become whatever she wanted in life. Another great encourager was her friend James Baldwin by encouraging her to write an autobiography which later led her to writing four other volumes, many other books, and also poetry.

In 1993, Maya was invited to write and read a poem for President Clintons inauguration called On the Pulse of morning. She was the first poet who appeared at an inauguration since1960. Maya wrote many books along with a lot of poetry. Her books and poetry including "Wouldn't take nothin for my journey now", "I know why caged birds sing", And still I rise", "I shall not be moved", and "On the pulse of morning" are reflections of Mayas life, the hardships in her life, and the hardships in this world. "All my work, my life, everything is about survival, all my work is meant to say, "You may encounter many defeats, but you must not be defeated". (Lives26)

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Research Paper on Drunk Driving

Research Paper on Drunk Driving

One of the most critical problems facing our society today is that of drinking and driving. Because we see it all the time, it almost isn't shocking to see news about drinking and driving accidents that occur in results to death. More recently drinking and driving has become more and more part of our society. We hear about innocent people getting killed by drunk drivers all the time. It is hard to think that the roads are that unsafe. In my opinion, we as a society don't do enough to keep the drunk drivers of the road. James Duval was killed at the age of 23. He was driving to work after dropping his kid off at the babysitters, and a drunk driver hit him on the way back from the bars. He was immediately rushed to the Sacramento hospital.

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He died on the way there in the ambulance. I learned about James in a journal article titled "Hit and Run" by Mike Peterson. After I was done reading the article, I immediately became upset. The part that angered me the most was that the person tried to run after hitting James. The drunk driver that hit James was John Padden. He was driving home from a bar early that morning liqeured up. He was not hurt as bad as James was in the accident. James was definitely in the wrong place at the wrong time, but that knows reason to get killed. A lot of people witnessed this violent collision. They all surrounded the ambulance that James was being put in.

John was trying to hobble away from the accident, but didn't really get that far. I feel really bad for his close ones. Him and his wife just got married a few months ago. Now the kid has to grow up the rest of his life with out his real father and his wife has to suffer with out him. I have always felt bad for the people I hear about mourning for there lost ones. It is hard to believe that a person can get in a car, and risk the lives of other people by drinking and driving.

Never being directly affected by drunk drivers, I never did anything to change it or prevent it from happening. I have always had very strong opinions about drinking and driving. A drunk driver killed one of my friend's two years ago, and that's when I realized that it could happen to people that I know. I was working at the Rec Park in my hometown life-guarding, and I saw my friend running through the park to talk to me. I knew that something was wrong by the look on his face. He came to tell me that my good friend Jerry was just killed in a car accident by a drunk driver. I was devastated, but I realized that I was lucky in a way.

He had asked me to go to Plattsburgh that morning to go to the mall with him, fortunately I had to work. I left work not knowing what to think. I still look back to that day when I saw my friend running across the park. It still is hard to believe that something like this happened to someone so close to me and affected so many people close to my heart. The most important thing that I have learned is that life isn't fair sometimes, but things happen for a reason. I have no clue what it takes to keep drunk drivers off the road, but we can't keep loosing innocent lives to this. The punishment is more severe now, but obviously not severe enough because it keeps happening.

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This is a free research paper on Drunk Driving topic. Keep in mind that all free research project samples and research paper examples are taken from open sources – they are plagiarized and cannot be used as your own research project. If you need a qualitative custom research project on Drunk Driving for college, university, Master's or PhD degree – you are welcome to contact professional research writing company to have your paper written online by academic research writers.
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